![]() ![]() ![]() showed that asthmatics had more frequent and more severe daytime as well as nighttime reflux symptoms and suffered from more reflux-related nocturnal awakening from sleep. A large population-based epidemiologic investigation showed that young adults with nocturnal reflux symptoms had a higher prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms as compared with patients without reflux symptoms. The prevalence of reflux symptoms was similar (75%) in a subgroup of patients with difficult-to-control asthma. One longitudinal study showed a significant association between a diagnosis of asthma and a subsequent diagnosis of GERD, whereas the two studies that assessed whether GERD precedes asthma gave inconsistent results. ![]() The corresponding prevalence of asthma in GERD patients was 4.6%, compared to 3.9% in controls. A recent systematic review of 28 epidemiological studies found a 59.2% weighted average prevalence of GERD symptoms in asthmatic patients, compared to 38.1% in controls. The kind of GERD disease, weight and gender did not have significant relationship with asthma. In the ProGERD study, the occurrence of asthma depended on longer GERD duration and was more prominent in male and older subjects. On the other hand, patients with esophagitis are more likely to have asthma than patients without esophagitis. Finally, a potential management strategy for GERD in pulmonary patients is discussed.Īccording to the studies in the literature, pathological GERD can be found in 30% to 80% of patients with asthma. It also reviews relevant clinical information concerning GERD-related chronic cough and asthma. This clinical review examines the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of pulmonary manifestations of GERD. The acid can cause throat irritation, postnasal drip and hoarseness, as well as recurrent cough, chest congestion and lung inflammation leading to asthma and/or bronchitis/ pneumonia. If the gastric acid reaches the back of the throat, it may cause a bitter taste in the mouth and/or aspiration of the gastric acid into the lungs. Local irritation in the esophagus can cause symptoms that vary from indigestion, like chest discomfort and abdominal pain, to coughing and wheezing. Patients may present with symptoms involving the pulmonary system noncardiac chest pain and ear, nose and throat disorders. A primary care physician often encounters patients with extra esophageal manifestations of GERD in the absence of heartburn. The physiological link between GERD and pulmonary disease has been extensively studied in chronic cough and asthma. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may cause, trigger or exacerbate many pulmonary diseases. ![]()
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